NCCIA Busts Major Fraud Ring in Islamabad: Over 65 Arrested in Illegal Call Center Raid

Cracking Down on Cybercrime: NCCIA Raids Illegal Call Center in Islamabad, Arrests Over 65 Suspects

Islamabad, July 15, 2025 — In a major operation highlighting Pakistan’s intensified campaign against cybercrime, the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA) has dismantled an illegal call center operating in Islamabad’s G-10 Markaz. The raid, conducted late Sunday night on July 13, 2025, resulted in the arrest of over 65 individuals, including 5 foreign nationals.

This action marks another significant milestone in the NCCIA’s national “Grey Campaign,” aimed at eliminating fraudulent online operations masquerading as legitimate businesses.

Details of the Raid

The NCCIA's raid took place at Sardar Plaza, G-10 Markaz, and details were made public through an official press release on Monday, July 14, 2025. The agency confirmed that more than 60 Pakistani citizens and five foreign nationals were apprehended during the operation. While the nationalities of the foreign suspects have not yet been disclosed, they are believed to be central figures in the international cybercrime ring.

Authorities recovered a significant amount of digital equipment from the premises, including computers, mobile devices, and cryptocurrency wallets used to facilitate illegal financial transactions. The suspects were unable to present any legal documentation or justification for their activities and confessed to orchestrating large-scale electronic fraud schemes.

Modus Operandi of the Call Center

Investigations revealed that the illegal call center functioned under the guise of a fake online earning platform, part of a larger organized fraud network. The operation relied heavily on deception, utilizing social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Telegram to reach vulnerable individuals globally.

According to the First Information Report (FIR) filed by the NCCIA, the group employed AI-generated images and fake identities to initiate contact with victims. These scammers promised quick and substantial returns through get-rich-quick schemes. Once trust was established, the victims were persuaded to transfer money—often in the form of cryptocurrency—to digital wallets managed by the culprits.

Legal Proceedings and Remand

The five foreign nationals arrested during the raid were presented before Judge Abbas Shah in a local Islamabad court. The prosecution requested a two-day physical remand, which the judge granted, citing the need for deeper investigation into the individuals’ roles in the transnational fraud network.

The prosecution emphasized that these foreign nationals were key facilitators in the operation and that their continued custody would aid in uncovering the wider web of international accomplices.

The NCCIA also announced plans to take legal action against any individuals or entities found to be facilitating or shielding such illegal activities, be they domestic or international actors.

NCCIA’s Broader Anti-Cybercrime Campaign

This Islamabad raid is part of a sweeping national initiative called the “Grey Campaign,” launched by the NCCIA to identify and dismantle fraudulent call centers across Pakistan. Since its inception in 2024, the agency has made considerable progress.

Recent Highlights:

July 7, 2025 (Faisalabad): A massive raid led to the arrest of 149 individuals, including 48 Chinese nationals, linked to a fraudulent cryptocurrency and online trading network.

Operations in Multan, Lahore, and Karachi: Similar raids have been conducted in recent months, in collaboration with international law enforcement bodies such as the U.S. FBI and Dutch police, targeting operations with multimillion-dollar digital fraud footprints.

The NCCIA, established on May 3, 2024, as the successor to the Federal Investigation Agency’s (FIA) Cyber Crime Wing, has expanded its jurisdiction and capabilities to include online fraud, identity theft, digital extortion, and cyberterrorism.

Public Awareness and Advisory

The NCCIA continues to urge the public to exercise caution in online interactions—especially those involving promises of easy income or relationships initiated through social media. Users are advised to be wary of:

Online profiles using stock or AI-generated images,

Unverified offers involving cryptocurrency or financial transfers,

Communications via encrypted messaging apps like Telegram without verifiable context.

To report suspicious activity, the public is encouraged to use the NCCIA’s official helpline 1991 or email at helpdesk@nr3c.gov.pk.

Conclusion: A National Commitment to Cybersecurity

The recent raid in Islamabad is a testament to the NCCIA’s growing effectiveness in responding to digital threats in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. By targeting sophisticated online fraud networks and working in collaboration with international agencies, the NCCIA is positioning Pakistan as a serious player in the global fight against cybercrime.

As the “Grey Campaign” continues, further arrests and dismantling of illicit operations are expected. The agency remains steadfast in its mission to uphold digital integrity and protect both Pakistani citizens and international victims from online exploitation.

For further updates, visit www.nr3c.gov.pk or follow trusted national news outlets such as Dawn, ProPakistani, or The Express Tribune.

Tesla’s Latest Breakthrough: Full Charging in Just 15 Minutes with the New Aluminum-Ion Super Battery

 

Tesla’s Latest Breakthrough: Full Charging in Just 15 Minutes with the New Aluminum-Ion Super Battery

Tesla has once again sparked a revolution with its "Aluminum-Ion Super Battery," capable of fully charging a vehicle in just 15 minutes. Yes, you read that right! This is not a distant dream but a combination of speed, efficiency, and low cost never seen before. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, aluminum-ion technology enables much faster ion movement, making it possible to charge from 0 to 100 percent in just 15 minutes.

Aluminum is far cheaper and more environmentally friendly than lithium, making electric vehicles more accessible to the masses. This battery operates at lower internal temperatures, reducing the risk of overheating and extending its lifespan. Free of rare metals and easily recyclable, this battery aligns perfectly with Tesla’s clean energy vision.

This battery will not only eliminate long charging times but also significantly reduce the cost of electric vehicles, potentially rendering fuel-powered vehicles obsolete worldwide. Tesla’s aluminum-ion battery is not just an upgrade—it marks the beginning of a new revolutionary era for electric vehicles. The future has truly become lightning-fast.

Research-Based Article on Tesla’s Aluminum-Ion Super Battery

Tesla has once again captured global attention with its cutting-edge technology. Recent claims suggest that Elon Musk has introduced a new "Aluminum-Ion Super Battery" that can fully charge in just 15 minutes. This battery could be a game-changer for the electric vehicle (EV) industry and provide a new dimension to the future of sustainable energy. In this article, we will deeply analyze the technical features, benefits, challenges, and impacts of this battery on Tesla’s clean energy vision, while also verifying the authenticity of these claims to determine if this truly heralds a new era for electric vehicles.

Aluminum-Ion Battery: A Technical Overview

Aluminum-ion batteries are a type of rechargeable battery where aluminum ions serve as charge carriers. A key advantage of aluminum is its ability to transfer three electrons per ion, compared to one electron per ion in lithium-ion batteries. This results in significantly higher energy density and faster charging speeds. According to Wikipedia, aluminum’s energy density can be up to 50 times greater than lithium-ion batteries (23.5 MWh per cubic meter).

Key features of aluminum-ion batteries include:

1. **Fast Charging**: Several sources claim aluminum-ion batteries can charge up to 60 times faster than lithium-ion batteries. For instance, in 2021, Graphene Manufacturing Group (GMG) claimed their aluminum-ion batteries could charge in under a minute.

2. **High Energy Density**: Some reports suggest aluminum-ion batteries can achieve an energy density of up to 5,000 Wh/kg, far surpassing current lithium-ion batteries.

3. **Long Lifespan**: Aluminum-ion batteries can withstand over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles without significant performance degradation.

4. **Environmentally Friendly**: Aluminum is abundant and easily recyclable, making it a more sustainable option compared to rare metals like lithium and cobalt.

Tesla’s Aluminum-Ion Battery: Is It Real?

While social media is abuzz with claims about the aluminum-ion super battery, it’s crucial to verify whether Tesla has indeed adopted this technology. Several websites and YouTube videos have claimed that Elon Musk unveiled an aluminum-ion battery capable of 15-minute charging and a range of 1,000 to 2,000 miles. However, as of December 2024, no such confirmation exists on Tesla’s official website or Elon Musk’s X account.

Notably, Tesla is currently focused on its 4680 lithium-ion batteries, used in the Model Y and other vehicles, designed to improve energy density and manufacturing costs. Additionally, Tesla announced a lithium refinery plant in Texas in 2023, indicating a continued commitment to lithium-ion technology.

Benefits: Why Aluminum-Ion Batteries Matter

If Tesla successfully adopts aluminum-ion batteries, the following benefits could emerge:

1. **Eliminating Range Anxiety**: A 15-minute full charge means electric vehicles can be “refueled” as quickly as gas-powered cars, addressing the biggest consumer concern—range anxiety.

2. **Lower Costs**: Aluminum is cheaper and more abundant than lithium, potentially reducing battery production costs by up to 30%. This could make EVs more affordable and accessible.

3. **Safety**: Aluminum-ion batteries use non-flammable electrolytes, making them safer than lithium-ion batteries by reducing the risk of overheating or fires.

4. **Sustainability**: Aluminum’s recyclability and abundance align with Tesla’s closed-loop recycling system, which already reuses over 90% of materials, further enhancing sustainability.

Challenges: Obstacles in the Path of Aluminum-Ion Batteries

Despite their advantages, commercializing aluminum-ion batteries faces several challenges:

1. **Scaling Production**: Large-scale production of aluminum-ion batteries would require new infrastructure, which is costly and time-consuming.

2. **Compatibility with Existing Vehicles**: Tesla’s current vehicles may need redesigning to accommodate aluminum-ion batteries, adding cost and complexity.

3. **Electrolyte Issues**: The ionic liquid electrolytes used in aluminum-ion batteries are expensive and have lower conductivity, which can affect performance.

4. **Lack of Verification**: Since most information about aluminum-ion batteries comes from YouTube videos or unofficial sources, independent verification of Tesla’s claims is essential.

Tesla’s Clean Energy Vision

Tesla’s mission has always been to advance sustainable energy. An aluminum-ion battery, if successfully implemented, would align perfectly with this vision. It could not only enhance the performance and accessibility of electric vehicles but also revolutionize energy storage in products like Tesla’s Powerwall and Megapack.

Furthermore, the sustainability and low cost of aluminum-ion batteries could give Tesla a competitive edge over rivals like Rivian, Lucid Motors, Ford, and General Motors. If successful, this technology could accelerate the phasing out of fuel-powered vehicles, contributing significantly to global environmental goals.

Social Media Reactions

Recent posts on X reflect immense public excitement about the aluminum-ion battery, with users viewing it as the end of lithium-ion batteries and fuel-powered vehicles. However, some users have questioned its authenticity, as the information primarily comes from unofficial sources.

Conclusion

Tesla’s aluminum-ion super battery, if it becomes a reality, could be a revolutionary breakthrough for electric vehicles and energy storage. Its fast charging, high energy density, and eco-friendly features make it a strong alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, challenges in production, compatibility, and verification must be addressed for its commercialization.

As of now, no official confirmation from Tesla supports these claims, raising questions about their authenticity. For further updates, it’s essential to monitor credible sources like Tesla’s official website or Elon Musk’s X account. If this battery becomes a reality, it will be a significant step toward a cleaner energy future, not just for Tesla but for the entire world.

References:  

- vocal.media  

- motorwatt.com  

- leadstories.com  

- yeslak.com  

- californialuxuryhouses.net  

- en.wikipedia.org  

- skillfusion.com  

- forbes.com  

Unveiling the Islamabad Blasphemy Racket: A Sinister Network Exploiting Religion and Law

 Investigative Article: Islamabad Blasphemy Gang Case – A Heinous Network Exposed

In Pakistan’s capital, Islamabad, a shocking gang has been uncovered, exploiting sacred concepts like religion, law, and humanity for nefarious purposes. This gang has turned the grave accusation of blasphemy into a business, ensnaring innocent people to extort hefty sums or ruin their lives. This case has not only shaken the conscience of Pakistani society but also raised serious questions about law enforcement agencies, religious leaders, and the judicial system. This article provides a detailed analysis of the gang’s modus operandi, its members, legal developments, and societal impacts.

Case Background

In July 2025, several posts on the social media platform highlighted a chilling network that uses false blasphemy allegations to blackmail individuals. These posts claimed that the gang includes influential figures such as the brother of Maulana Tahir Mehmood Ashrafi, corrupt officials from the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), a prominent lawyer Rao Abdul Qayyum, and women who target victims on social media. According to BBC Urdu reports, the case is being heard “in camera” (in closed sessions) at the Islamabad High Court, with human rights lawyer Imaan Mazari’s legal team representing over 100 victims. 

This case is more than just a criminal activity; it reflects the misuse of religion, institutional corruption, and the exploitation of vulnerable individuals in Pakistani society.

Modus Operandi

The gang operates with a highly organized and sinister strategy. According to X posts, the group follows these steps to trap and extort victims:

1. Targeting Victims: Female members of the gang initiate contact with men on WhatsApp and other social media platforms. They start with casual conversations, gradually steering the discussion toward sensitive religious topics.

2. Gathering Evidence: During the conversation, they provoke the victim into saying something that could be construed as blasphemous, capturing screenshots as evidence.

3. FIA Involvement: The screenshots are handed over to corrupt FIA officials, who arrest the victim and detain them in illegal private cells.

4. Blackmail and Extortion: After detention, the victim is demanded large sums of money. Those who pay are released.

5. Blasphemy Charges: If the victim refuses to pay, they are charged under Section 295-C of the Pakistan Penal Code for blasphemy, which carries a death penalty. According to an X post, over 450 individuals are imprisoned due to this gang, with at least five reported deaths.

6. Judicial Manipulation: Influential members, such as lawyer Rao Abdul Qayyum, allegedly attempt to manipulate legal proceedings to prevent justice for victims.

This modus operandi reveals how the gang not only destroys lives but also exploits Pakistan’s judicial system and religious sentiments for illicit gains.

Key Members of the Gang

Maulana Tahir Ashrafi’s Brother: Maulana Tahir Mehmood Ashrafi, Chairman of the Pakistan Ulema Council, is said to have a brother who is a central figure in the gang. Videos circulating online show him being escorted from court. However, this claim remains unverified and awaits judicial confirmation.

Corrupt FIA Officials: Some FIA officials are accused of collaborating with the gang, arresting victims and holding them in illegal detention while demanding bribes for their release.

Rao Abdul Qayyum: A prominent lawyer allegedly providing legal cover for the gang and attempting to influence judicial proceedings. An X post labeled him as the mastermind of the operation.

Women Active on Social Media: These women serve as the initial point of contact, luring victims into traps and collecting incriminating evidence. One X post named a woman, Komal Ismail (alias Imaan), accusing her of framing hundreds of individuals in false cases.

Legal Developments and Imaan Mazari’s Role

The case is under trial at the Islamabad High Court, conducted in camera to expose the powerful figures involved. Imaan Mazari’s legal team is representing over 100 victims, as per BBC Urdu reports. The team has gathered substantial evidence, including WhatsApp chats, screenshots, and other documents. 

Imaan Mazari has described the case as both a legal and societal issue, emphasizing that the gang is not only destroying lives but also undermining religious harmony and the credibility of Pakistan’s judicial system.

Societal and Legal Implications

This case raises critical questions for Pakistani society:

1. Misuse of Religion: The misuse of blasphemy laws for personal vendettas or financial gain has been a recurring issue in Pakistan. This case highlights the severity of how religious sentiments are weaponized to ruin innocent lives.

2. Institutional Corruption: The alleged involvement of FIA officials underscores deep-rooted corruption in key institutions, highlighting the urgent need for reforms.

3. Pressure on the Judiciary: The presence of influential figures and attempts to manipulate legal proceedings raise questions about the transparency and impartiality of the judicial system. The in-camera hearings reflect the case’s sensitivity.

4. Role of Social Media: This case showcases both the positive and negative aspects of social media. While X played a crucial role in exposing the gang, the same platform was used to trap victims.

Public Reaction and BBC Reporting

BBC Urdu published two significant reports on the case, on June 30 and July 7, 2025, detailing the gang’s activities and the ongoing court proceedings. According to BBC, this case is a critical legal battle against those fueling religious extremism in Pakistan.

On social media platform s, the public has expressed outrage, labeling the gang as “enemies of humanity” and calling for their exposure and justice for victims. One user wrote, “It’s our collective responsibility to expose those who weaponize religion, law, and honor.”

Challenges and Future Prospects

Resolving this case faces several challenges:

1. Influence of Powerful Figures: The involvement of influential individuals could hinder legal proceedings, making justice elusive.

2. Sensitivity of Blasphemy Laws: Blasphemy laws in Pakistan are highly sensitive, and discussions about their misuse remain controversial. This case may necessitate a review of these laws.

3. Public Safety: Since the gang uses social media to target victims, public awareness campaigns are needed to educate people about the risks of discussing sensitive topics online.

Recommendations

1. Legal Reforms: Stricter regulations should be introduced to prevent the misuse of blasphemy laws, with severe penalties for false accusers.

2. Institutional Transparency: A robust accountability system should be established to eliminate corruption in agencies like the FIA.

3. Public Awareness: Campaigns should be launched to educate the public about the dangers of discussing sensitive topics on social media.

4. Strengthening Judicial Processes: Transparent and impartial hearings must be ensured to deliver justice to victims.

Conclusion

The Islamabad blasphemy gang case is a wake-up call for Pakistani society. It not only exposes a criminal network but also highlights deeper issues of religious misuse, institutional corruption, and the exploitation of vulnerable individuals. Imaan Mazari’s legal team and BBC’s reporting have played a pivotal role in bringing this case to light, but achieving full justice requires collective action. This case is not just being fought in court but in the conscience of society. It is our shared responsibility to expose those who weaponize religion and law and to ensure justice for the victims.

Note: The information in this article is based on BBC reports. As the case is under trial, some claims await judicial verification.

References

- BBC Urdu reports, June 30 and July 7, 2025

Scams in Pakistan and the Arrest of Their Networks: A Complex but Crucial Battle

Introduction

In this digital age, while online platforms have turned the world into a global village, they have also given rise to new and dangerous forms of cybercrime. In recent years, Pakistan has seen a significant increase in financial fraud, Ponzi schemes, and online investment scams. One such incident unfolded on July 8, 2025, when the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA) raided a large international call center in Shahkot, Faisalabad, exposing a massive international scam network.

Overview of the Operation: From Shahkot to the World

Based on a tip-off, the NCCIA launched an operation targeting a call center located on Shangla Hill, Shahkot Road in Shahkot, Faisalabad. This center was allegedly operating under the fake name "Upwork Pakistan" and was part of a highly organized international fraud network. Victims were lured through social media platforms, WhatsApp, and Telegram, and persuaded to invest large sums of money based on false promises of high returns.

Arrests: An International Network Uncovered

A total of 149 individuals were arrested during the raid, including 71 foreign nationals. Their breakdown is as follows:

Nationality Number

Pakistani 78

Chinese 48

Nigerian 8

Filipino 4

Sri Lankan 2

Bangladeshi 6

Myanmar 2

Zimbabwean 1

Total 149

Among those arrested were 18 women, indicating that the network was not only large but also diverse, utilizing various regional, social, and technical capabilities.

Modus Operandi

The group operated using a classic Ponzi scheme model. Victims were first offered small profits to build trust, then encouraged to invest more substantial sums. Several individuals lost millions of rupees. One such example is Muhammad Sajid, who suffered a loss of Rs. 3.138 million (approx. USD 11,000) after being tricked through a fraudulent Telegram channel with thousands of members.

Evidence and Technical Assets Seized

The raid resulted in the recovery of:

Hundreds of computers and servers

Cryptocurrency exchange platforms

Foreign SIM cards

Forged company documents

These findings confirmed that the call center was running a well-organized, tech-savvy, and international cybercrime operation.

Legal Action and Judicial Proceedings

The arrested individuals were presented in court on July 9, 2025. Details are as follows:

Type of Remand Number Duration

Physical Remand (to NCCIA) 87 5 days

Judicial Remand 62 Until July 23, 2025

The NCCIA filed 7 FIRs (First Information Reports), numbered 142–147, under various sections of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) and the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC), including charges related to bank hacking and investment fraud.

The Role of “Upwork Pakistan”

The name "Upwork Pakistan" appears in several FIRs but has no verifiable presence in mainstream media or business directories. This indicates that it was likely a fake identity used to give the operation a false sense of legitimacy and attract more victims. It served purely as a trust-building front for the scam.

International Implications

The arrest of individuals from multiple countries raises serious concerns on a global scale. This isn't just a localized issue—modern digital platforms have enabled fraudsters from different nations to collaborate. Many times, unsuspecting youth are lured into such networks under the guise of jobs in tech support, content management, or freelance roles.

Cybersecurity Challenges in Pakistan

This incident brings to light several critical cybersecurity questions in Pakistan:

Are existing cyber laws effective and well-implemented?

Is the public sufficiently educated and aware of cyber threats?

Is there international cooperation to tackle such networks?

Solving these problems will require more than just legislation. Public awareness, digital literacy, and modern training of investigative agencies are equally essential.

Conclusion

The NCCIA’s operation in Shahkot marks a significant milestone in Pakistan’s fight against cybercrime, but it's just the beginning. To fully dismantle such networks, coordinated policy, international partnerships, and advanced technological capabilities are needed. Furthermore, national-level awareness campaigns and protection strategies for youth and digital users are essential to building long-term cyber resilience.

Sources

This article is based on credible reports from BBC Urdu, Dawn News, Express Tribune, Pakistan Today,

Let me know if you would like this turned into a PDF, infographic, or PowerPoint presentation.

From Nine Zero to London: Altaf Hussain’s Struggle, Allegations, and Realities – A Comprehensive Investigative Review

Early Life and the Significance of Nine Zero

Altaf Hussain was born on September 17, 1953, in Karachi to a Muhajir family. His parents migrated from Agra, India, to Pakistan after the partition. Poverty, social inequality, and the struggle for identity in a new homeland shaped his early life. His modest home in Karachi’s Azizabad, later famously known as “Nine Zero,” became the epicenter of his political struggle. This house not only served as his residence but also transformed into the headquarters of the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), symbolizing the political awakening of the Muhajir community.

The Journey from APMSO to MQM

In 1978, Altaf Hussain founded the All Pakistan Muhajir Students Organization (APMSO) at Karachi University, a platform to address the grievances of Muhajir students. This organization laid the foundation for the political awakening of the Muhajir community. In 1984, he established the Muhajir Qaumi Movement (MQM) to secure political, economic, and social justice for Muhajirs. In 1997, the party was renamed Muttahida Qaumi Movement to include other ethnicities, though its core identity remained tied to the Muhajir cause. MQM gained a strong foothold in Karachi, Hyderabad, and urban Sindh, achieving remarkable success in the elections of 1987, 1988, 1990, 1997, 2002, and 2008.

The Muhajir Cause and Political Achievements

Altaf Hussain transformed the Muhajir community’s sense of deprivation into political power. He mobilized the middle class, students, laborers, and lower-income groups, integrating them into the political process. MQM established a robust local government system in Karachi and Hyderabad, with development projects under Mustafa Kamal’s tenure (2005–2010) earning international acclaim. In Sindh, MQM’s influence is evident through the appointments of governors like Ishrat-ul-Ibad (2002–2016) and the current governor, Kamran Tessori, both associated with the party under Altaf Hussain’s leadership.

At the federal level, MQM played a significant role in the governments of Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif, Pervez Musharraf, Asif Zardari, and Yousuf Raza Gilani. The party held key portfolios, including Interior, Communications, Labour, Overseas Pakistanis, Science and Technology, and Ports and Shipping. In Azad Kashmir, an MQM representative was elected to the assembly and appointed as a minister. Similarly, in 2009, Raja Azam Khan’s victory in the Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly and his appointment as Minister for Planning highlighted MQM’s geographic outreach.

Support for Asif Zardari’s Presidency and Political Alliances

In 2008, following General Pervez Musharraf’s resignation, Altaf Hussain extended full support to Asif Zardari in the presidential elections, enabling Zardari’s election as President of Pakistan. This alliance not only strengthened MQM’s position in federal politics but also provided a platform to highlight urban Sindh’s issues at the national level.

Altaf Hussain’s Political Style: A Unique Leadership

Altaf Hussain’s politics was a revolution against the traditional feudal and dynastic system. He empowered ordinary individuals—newspaper hawkers, rickshaw drivers, students, and laborers—by bringing them into the corridors of power. Unlike other political leaders such as Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif, Shahbaz Sharif, or Maryam Nawaz, who pursued high offices themselves, Altaf Hussain never accepted any official position. Instead, he elevated his workers to positions of prominence, granting assembly seats or ministries to those he deemed fit and withdrawing them when necessary, reflecting his firm grip over the party. His famous slogan, “Rights are not given; they must be seized,” encapsulated his struggle. He put this into practice, though political opponents linked it to allegations of militancy to tarnish his movement.

Marriage, Family, and Personal Sacrifices

Altaf Hussain married Fauzia Begum, but he kept his personal life private. He has a daughter, yet details about his family remain largely out of the public eye. His political struggle came at a great personal cost: his brother, Nasir Hussain, and nephew, Arshad Hussain, were martyred, reflecting the heavy price his family paid for his activism.

Allegations and Legal Challenges

Altaf Hussain faced serious allegations, including terrorism, links with India, hate speeches, and money laundering. He was also accused of involvement in the murder of his close aide, Dr. Imran Farooq, who was killed in London in 2010, but these charges were never proven. In the UK, he faced cases related to money laundering and other allegations but was acquitted in all instances. Altaf Hussain confronted every legal battle head-on, never seeking an NRO (National Reconciliation Ordinance) or state concessions. His supporters view his legal struggles as a testament to his democratic resistance.

State Operations and the “Minus Altaf” Policy

In 1992, 1994, and 2015, MQM faced large-scale state operations. Nine Zero was repeatedly targeted, and thousands of workers were arrested or disappeared. Following a controversial speech in 2016, Altaf Hussain was completely blacked out from Pakistani media, and a “Minus Altaf” policy was enforced to sideline him politically. This led to the formation of MQM-Pakistan, a faction that distanced itself from the London leadership. This division weakened the party, but Altaf Hussain’s supporters maintain that his struggle’s spirit endures.

Health, Exile, and Public Standing

Since 1992, Altaf Hussain has lived in exile in London, where he is currently undergoing medical treatment. Information about his health remains scarce. Despite media bans in Pakistan, his supporters, particularly within the Muhajir community, continue to revere him as “Altaf Bhai,” a title bestowed upon him by the community itself. On social media, his followers celebrate his services and sacrifices, viewing him as the voice that gave political consciousness and power to the Muhajirs.

Conclusion: A Controversial but Unforgettable Figure

Altaf Hussain’s politics represents an ideology, a movement for public awakening, and a form of political resistance. He organized the struggle for Muhajir rights and empowered the middle class, challenging the dominance of the traditional elite. His personal sacrifices, family losses, and legal battles have cemented his historical significance. While his political style may invite disagreement, his legacy—from Nine Zero to London—remains a pivotal chapter in Pakistan’s political history. He proved that rights are not granted but must be fought for, and this struggle became the collective voice of a community.

Allama Hassan Turabi: A Beacon of Resistance Politics and Martyrdom

 

Allama Hassan Turabi: A Beacon of Resistance Politics and Martyrdom

In Pakistan’s religious and political history, Allama Hassan Turabi stands out as a figure who, through his intellectual depth, ideological steadfastness, and practical struggle, not only played a monumental role in his era but also set a shining example for future generations. He raised his voice against oppression, dictatorship, and sectarianism, ultimately sacrificing his life to immortalize the truth of his ideals. This article sheds light on Allama Hassan Turabi’s life, struggles, and legacy, incorporating historical, political, and social contexts, supported by credible references.

Early Life and Educational Journey

Allama Hassan Turabi was born on March 15, 1952, in the village of Chumakpa, Shigar District, Gilgit-Baltistan, into a scholarly and religious family. Shigar is renowned for its spiritual and intellectual traditions, and the Turabi family was an integral part of this legacy. His father, Maulana Muhammad Musa, a prominent religious scholar, placed special emphasis on his son’s religious and worldly education. After receiving his early education in his village, Allama Turabi moved to Karachi, where he further honed his abilities.

In Karachi, he pursued religious education at Jamia Imamia, where he gained proficiency in Fiqh-e-Jafaria, Hadith, Tafsir, and other Islamic sciences. Alongside this, he continued his secular education and joined Habib Public School as a teacher. His teaching style was not only engaging and well-reasoned but also reflected his intellectual depth and ability to connect with students, making him exceptionally popular among both students and colleagues. His speeches consistently carried messages of unity, justice, and resistance against oppression.

Zia Era: Pressure and the Dawn of Resistance

Following the imposition of martial law by General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977, severe restrictions were placed on religious and political freedoms in Pakistan. The Shia community, in particular, faced significant challenges in practicing their beliefs. Laws imposed under the guise of “Islamization,” such as the Zakat Ordinance, were incompatible with the Shia school of thought, as their system of Zakat differed from the principles of Fiqh-e-Jafaria. During this period, Allama Hassan Turabi’s intellectual freedom and outspokenness began to unsettle the ruling establishment. His speeches, marked by a clear tone of resistance against oppression and injustice, led to his dismissal from Habib Public School under pressure.

This event proved to be a turning point in his life. Rather than succumbing to pressure, Allama Turabi embraced it as the starting point of his resistance politics. He joined the Tehreek-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria (TNFJ) and actively worked to protect the rights of the Shia community, quickly emerging as a prominent leader due to his bold voice.

From Tehreek-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria to Islami Tehreek

The effects of the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran reached Pakistan, inspiring the Shia community to organize for the protection of their rights. In this context, the Tehreek-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria (TNFJ) was established on April 12, 1979, in Bhakkar, with the aim of safeguarding religious freedom and rights in accordance with Shia jurisprudence. Allama Hassan Turabi played a pivotal role in this movement and, due to his intellectual capabilities, public outreach, and insight, was soon elected president of the Sindh chapter of the movement.

Over time, the TNFJ expanded its scope and became known as Tehreek-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP). In the 1990s, it evolved into a broader political and religious platform called Islami Tehreek Pakistan. Allama Turabi remained actively involved throughout this evolution, serving as a key pillar of leadership. Through his speeches and writings, he helped transform the Shia community into an organized political force. As part of the movement’s information wing, he effectively communicated its stance to national and international media, raising public awareness.

 Struggle Against Sectarianism and Promotion of Muslim Unity

Allama Hassan Turabi’s most significant contribution was his struggle against sectarianism and his efforts to promote unity among Muslims. He believed that Pakistan’s progress and stability depended on the unity of all schools of thought on a single platform. He participated in numerous interfaith conferences, peace seminars, and joint forums, collaborating with Shia and Sunni scholars to promote sectarian harmony.

His speeches consistently emphasized resistance against oppression, unity, and Islamic brotherhood. He often stated that sectarianism was a poison for Pakistan’s national unity. He played a role in the establishment of platforms like the Milli Yakjehti Council and Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal, which aimed to foster unity among different sects. These efforts marked a significant milestone in Pakistan’s political and religious landscape.

 Assassination Attempts and Abduction

Allama Hassan Turabi’s bold voice and widespread popularity made him a target for extremist groups. His life was marked by multiple assassination attempts, from which he miraculously escaped. In 2003, he was abducted in Karachi due to his political activities and outspoken stance against sectarianism. Public pressure and efforts by law enforcement agencies led to his release after a few days. These incidents highlighted the dangers he faced, yet his commitment to speaking the truth never wavered.

He often said in his speeches, “Sacrificing one’s life for the truth is a part of our faith.” These words reflected his resolve and steadfastness, further solidifying his status as a revered leader among the masses.

Martyrdom: A Supreme Sacrifice

On July 14, 2006, in Karachi’s Abbas Town, Allama Hassan Turabi was addressing the media outside his home when a suicide bomber detonated himself. The attack martyred Allama Turabi, along with his nephew and others. This attack was a direct consequence of his resistance politics and struggle against sectarianism. His martyrdom sent shockwaves not only across Pakistan but also within Shia and Sunni communities worldwide. Thousands attended his funeral, a testament to his widespread popularity.

The incident was widely covered in Pakistani media, with outlets like *Daily Jang* and others condemning the attack and paying Åpaying tribute to Allama Turabi’s contributions. The attack was described as a great tragedy, and his legacy was honored across various platforms.

Allama Turabi’s Legacy

Allama Hassan Turabi’s life teaches us that the path of truth and justice is fraught with challenges and dangers, but sincerity and steadfastness can immortalize a person. He was not only a champion of Shia rights but also sacrificed his life for Pakistan’s national unity and religious harmony. His message remains a guiding light for Pakistan’s political and religious landscape.

Through his struggle, he proved that combating sectarianism, prejudice, and oppression is not the responsibility of an individual but the duty of an entire nation. Today, as Pakistan seeks religious harmony, unity, and sincerity, Allama Hassan Turabi’s legacy stands as a guiding principle. His ideals and sacrifice remain a valuable asset for the people of Pakistan, serving as an inspiration for those who wish to stand firm in their principles.

 Conclusion

Allama Hassan Turabi’s life and martyrdom are a luminous chapter in Pakistan’s history. Through his intellectual, political, and practical struggles, he proved that the voice of truth cannot be silenced by any force. His legacy continues to teach the people of Pakistan the importance of resisting oppression and fostering unity. His life is a profound example for anyone striving for truth and justice.

References:

1. Tehreek-e-Jafaria Pakistan, Performance Report, 1992–1994, pp. 22–25.

2. Hussain Abadi, Muhammad Yusuf, *History of Baltistan*, Skardu, 2003, p. 312.

3. *Daily Jang*, Lahore, July 10, 1983, “Tehreek-e-Jafaria Pakistan: The Political Journey,” pp. 10–11.

4. Tasleem Raza Khan, *Safir-e-Inqilab*, p. 144.

5. Tasleem Raza Khan, *Safir-e-Noor*, pp. 196–206.

6. Pakistani media reports, July 14, 2006, regarding the suicide attack.

7. Archives of Allama Hassan Turabi’s speeches and interviews, Tehreek-e-Jafaria Pakistan records.

8. Local historical sources from Gilgit-Baltistan, regarding scholarly families of Shigar.

9. Jamia Imamia Karachi records, concerning Allama Hassan Turabi’s educational activities.

10. *Daily Dawn*, Karachi, July 15, 2006, report on Allama Hassan Turabi’s martyrdom.

Katherine Perez-Shakdam: A Controversial Figure and the Web of Espionage Allegations

 

Katherine Perez-Shakdam: A Controversial Figure and the Web of Espionage Allegations

Katherine Perez-Shakdam, a French-British journalist, political analyst, and author, has become a focal point of controversy in recent years, particularly within Iran’s political and media circles. Allegations that she was an Israeli spy who infiltrated Iran’s sensitive institutions have sparked widespread debate in international media and on social platforms. Notably, a recent claim by Mustafa Kavakebian, a former Iranian parliamentarian, has added a new dimension to this controversy, asserting that Katherine gained access to the Iranian system “through sexual relations with 120 highly important individuals.” This article examines Katherine’s background, her alleged role in Iran, Kavakebian’s claims, and the broader implications of this controversy, based on credible sources and maintaining impartiality.

Katherine Perez-Shakdam’s Background

Katherine Perez-Shakdam was born in 1982 in France to a secular Jewish family. Her grandfather was part of the French resistance during the Nazi occupation, while her father’s father was a Holocaust survivor. She earned a bachelor’s degree in psychology from the University of London and two master’s degrees in finance and communications. During her studies, she met a Yemeni Muslim man, whom she married and converted to Sunni Islam. She later gravitated toward Shia Islam and wrote several books and articles on the subject. In 2014, she divorced and has since been raising her two children.

Katherine presented herself as a journalist and analyst specializing in the Middle East, Islamic extremism, and anti-Semitism. She also served as a consultant on Yemen for the United Nations Security Council. Her career has been diverse, contributing to various global media platforms.

Katherine’s Role in Iran

In the 2010s, Katherine Perez-Shakdam turned her attention to Iran, presenting herself as a supporter of the Iranian Revolution and the concept of Wilayat-e-Faqih (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist). She worked with Iranian state media outlets, including Press TV, Tasnim News Agency (affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps), and Tehran Times. She also wrote 18 articles for the English section of the official website of Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

In 2017, she interviewed then-presidential candidate Ebrahim Raisi, who later became Iran’s president. Katherine gained access to senior Iranian officials, military officers, and scientists, reportedly visiting sensitive areas under the guise of journalistic research and forming close ties with the wives of high-ranking officials. She positioned herself as a figure supportive of Iran’s ideological agenda, which earned her acceptance in Iranian media and political circles.

However, in 2022, she published a blog in the Israeli newspaper The Times of Israel, identifying herself with her Jewish background and criticizing Iran’s nuclear program and anti-Semitism. This blog sparked a major controversy in Iran, where she was portrayed as an Israeli spy who had successfully infiltrated the system.

Mustafa Kavakebian’s Claim

In July 2025, Mustafa Kavakebian, a former Iranian parliamentarian and reformist politician, made a shocking claim on a television program. He alleged that Katherine Perez-Shakdam had infiltrated the Iranian system “through sexual relations with 120 highly important individuals.” Kavakebian made this claim in the context of Israel’s intelligence operations in Iran. However, shortly afterward, Iran’s judiciary filed a case against him for “spreading baseless claims and causing public unrest.”

Kavakebian later clarified on social media that he was referring to statements allegedly made by Katherine herself, in which she claimed to have used sexual relations to achieve her objectives. He stated he would present documents to the court to support his claims. However, Iranian state media and the judiciary dismissed his allegations as “false” and “fabricated.”

Analysis of Katherine’s Claims

In her Times of Israel blog, Katherine Perez-Shakdam claimed that she had ensnared over 100 Iranian officials, mostly religious figures and high-ranking government officials, through sexual allure. She stated that she gained their trust by expressing a desire to learn about religion and occasionally offered temporary marriage (sigheh), after which these individuals disclosed sensitive information. She specifically mentioned an Iranian parliamentarian who allegedly shared details of confidential meetings with her.

However, the veracity of these claims is questionable. Iranian authorities have denied her articles’ connection to the Supreme Leader’s official website and refuted her infiltration claims. Tasnim News Agency clarified that while a few of her articles were published, she was not directly invited to Iran. She entered the country on a French passport, and her status as the wife of a Yemeni Muslim alleviated suspicions.

Implications of the Controversy

The Katherine Perez-Shakdam case is a significant manifestation of the ongoing proxy war and intelligence rivalry between Iran and Israel. Iran has previously accused Israel’s intelligence agency, Mossad, of assassinating its nuclear scientists and attacking sensitive facilities. Katherine’s case has heightened distrust and security concerns within Iran, particularly at a time when the country faces tensions with Western nations and Israel over its nuclear program and regional influence.

Mustafa Kavakebian’s claims have not only sparked political controversy within Iran but also prompted a swift response from the judiciary and state media, indicating the sensitivity of such allegations for the regime’s reputation. The judiciary’s immediate action against Kavakebian is seen as an attempt to suppress claims that could erode public trust in the system.

Critical Review

Several questions arise regarding the veracity of Katherine Perez-Shakdam’s claims and Kavakebian’s statements. First, there is no concrete evidence from independent sources to substantiate Katherine’s claims. Her Times of Israel blog relies solely on her own statements, which could be viewed as sensationalist or part of a propaganda effort. Second, the Iranian authorities’ swift denial and legal action against Kavakebian suggest that the issue is being leveraged for political purposes.

Moreover, Katherine’s alleged infiltration and espionage activities may be part of the broader propaganda war between Israel and Iran. Israel’s efforts to undermine Iran’s nuclear program and regional influence are well-documented, and such claims could be used to damage the Iranian regime’s credibility.

Conclusion

The Katherine Perez-Shakdam case is a complex and controversial saga that highlights the intricate interplay of journalism, espionage, and geopolitical strategy. Her background, role in Iran, and Mustafa Kavakebian’s claims have thrust her into the global spotlight. However, the lack of concrete evidence and conflicting narratives make this a perplexing enigma.

This controversy underscores the ongoing tensions and intelligence warfare between Iran and Israel, posing significant challenges to regional stability and security. Iran may need to reassess its security policies to prevent similar incidents in the future, while the international community requires independent investigations to verify such claims. The truth behind Katherine Perez-Shakdam’s story remains elusive, caught in the web of geopolitical rivalries.

From Yazid’s Palace to Global Arbaeen: The Historical Evolution and Enduring Legacy of Shia Mourning for Imam Hussain (AS)

From Yazid’s Palace to the Modern Era: A Historical and Analytical Study of Mourning, Lamentation, and Elegy for Imam Hussain (AS)

This article offers a meticulous historical and analytical exploration of the first mourning assembly (Majlis-e-Aza) for Imam Hussain (AS) held in Yazid’s palace, as documented by prominent Shia scholar Mohammad Hossein Fayyaz. Rooted in credible historical sources such as Maqtal Abu Mikhnaf, Tarikh Tabari, Al-Irshad, and Maqtal al-Hussain, it examines the origins of Shia mourning practices in 61 AH/680 CE, highlighting their significance as a form of resistance against oppression. The study traces the evolution of mourning (Azadari), lamentation (Noha), ritual mourning (Matam), and elegy (Marsiya) from their inception to the modern era, covering key developments in the Buyid, Safavid, and contemporary periods. With references to works like Diwan Mir Anees and modern analyses, it addresses the political, social, and digital dimensions of mourning while critically debunking non-credible narratives, such as Sayyida Ruqayya’s (AS) death. This comprehensive analysis underscores the enduring legacy of Karbala’s message, blending historical rigor with contemporary relevance.

---

Historical Context: The First Mourning Assembly in Yazid’s Palace

Following the tragedy of Karbala (61 AH/680 CE), the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) were taken as captives from Kufa to Damascus, the Umayyad capital. Yazid ibn Muawiya, the Umayyad caliph, housed them in his palace (known as Muawiya’s Green Palace). According to historical accounts, the first formal mourning assembly for Imam Hussain (AS) was held in this palace, laying the foundation for Shia mourning practices and symbolizing resistance against oppression.

Analysis of Credible Historical Sources

1. Abu Mikhnaf (d. 157 AH):
   The earliest chronicler of Karbala, Abu Mikhnaf, writes in Maqtal Abu Mikhnaf:

   “Yazid ordered that the women of Ahl al-Bayt be lodged in a separate residence, with Ali ibn al-Hussain (AS) accompanying them. All necessary provisions were provided. The women of Muawiya’s family welcomed them and mourned for Imam Hussain (AS) with lamentations for three days.”
   (Yusufi Gharavi, The First Documented Account of the Ashura Uprising, 1380 SH, p. 202; Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, Vol. 5, p. 461)
   Abu Mikhnaf’s account is cited by later historians such as Tabari, Sheikh Mufid, Abu Hanifa Dinawari, and Khwarizmi, affirming its authenticity. Mohammad Hadi Yusufi Gharavi reconstructed Abu Mikhnaf’s Maqtal based on these four sources.

2. Sheikh Mufid (d. 413 AH):
   In Al-Irshad, Sheikh Mufid briefly notes:

   “Yazid ordered that the women of Ahl al-Bayt be housed in a separate residence attached to his palace, where Ali ibn al-Hussain (AS) was with them, and they stayed there for some days.”
   (Al-Irshad, Vol. 2, p. 122)
   While Mufid omits details of the mourning, his account aligns with Abu Mikhnaf regarding the residence in Yazid’s palace.

3. Abu Hanifa Dinawari (d. 282 AH):
   In Akhbar al-Tiwal, Dinawari mentions:

   “Yazid ordered that the surviving members of Ahl al-Bayt be taken to the women’s quarters of his palace.”
   (Akhbar al-Tiwal, 1373 SH, p. 261)
   This supports the placement of Ahl al-Bayt in the palace, though it lacks mention of mourning.

4. Khwarizmi (d. 568 AH):
   In Maqtal al-Hussain, Khwarizmi provides a detailed account:

   “Yazid ordered that Imam Hussain’s (AS) head be displayed at the palace gate and the Ahl al-Bayt be brought inside. When the women of Ahl al-Bayt entered, no woman from Muawiya’s family refrained from welcoming them with weeping and lamentation. They discarded their ornaments and fine clothes, mourning Imam Hussain (AS) for three days. Hind bint Abdullah ibn Amir, Yazid’s wife and formerly married to Imam Hussain (AS), entered unveiled and cried out to Yazid: ‘Is the head of Fatima’s son displayed at my door?’ Yazid covered her and said, ‘Yes, mourn for him, the grandson of the Messenger of Allah. Ibn Ziyad hastened his killing. May Allah destroy him!’ Yazid housed them in his residence, and during their stay in Damascus, he seated Ali ibn al-Hussain (AS) with him at meals. The Ahl al-Bayt refused to stay in Damascus, demanding to return to Medina.”
   (Maqtal al-Hussain, Vol. 2, p. 81)

Analytical Insights:

• Residence of Ahl al-Bayt: All sources confirm that the Ahl al-Bayt were housed in Yazid’s palace, not in ruins or inappropriate conditions, reflecting Yazid’s attempt to mitigate public backlash.
• First Mourning Assembly: The three-day lamentation by Muawiya’s women, as noted by Abu Mikhnaf and Khwarizmi, marks the earliest form of Shia mourning, symbolizing resistance against tyranny.
• Yazid’s Conduct: Yazid’s initial disrespect toward Imam Hussain’s (AS) head was met with protests, notably from Hind, forcing him to express regret and blame Ibn Ziyad. This reflects his political vulnerability.
• Non-Credible Narratives: Fayyaz notes that the story of Sayyida Ruqayya’s (AS) death, first mentioned in Kamil Bahai (7th century AH), lacks support in early sources (Abu Mikhnaf, Tabari, Mufid) and is historically unreliable.

---

Mourning, Lamentation, Ritual Mourning, and Elegy in the Modern Era

From the first assembly in Yazid’s palace, mourning for Imam Hussain (AS) has evolved into a global Shia tradition, serving as a means of resisting oppression and preserving the message of Ahl al-Bayt. Below is a detailed analysis of its evolution:

1. Evolution of Mourning (Azadari)

• Early Period (61 AH to 4th Century AH):
  The mourning initiated in Yazid’s palace was reinforced by the lamentations of Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Sayyida Zainab (AS) and Sayyida Umme Kulthum (AS) in Kufa and Damascus. According to Al-Irshad (Mufid) and Tarikh Tabari (Tabari), their public addresses and assemblies spread the message of Karbala. These were oral and emotional expressions of grief.
• Buyid Period (4th-5th Century AH):
  The Buyid dynasty (934–1055 CE) formalized mourning in Baghdad. Tarikh Baghdad (Khatib Baghdadi, d. 463 AH) records that on 10th Muharram, public mourning was observed, and markets were closed, marking the institutionalization of Azadari.
• Safavid Period (16th-18th Century CE):
  The Safavid dynasty (1501–1736 CE) provided state patronage to mourning rituals. Alam Ara-ye Abbasi (Iskandar Beg Munshi, 1038 AH) notes that Shah Ismail and Shah Abbas promoted Taziya (reenactments) and lamentations, establishing organized processions and theatrical representations.
• Modern Era (19th Century to Present):
  Mourning has become a global phenomenon, with diverse forms in Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, India, and Lebanon. Tazkira al-Majalis (Maulana Muhammad Taqi, 19th century) documents the rise of elegy recitation, chest-beating, and processions. Today, digital platforms like YouTube and X amplify mourning globally, with live broadcasts from Karbala and Najaf.

2. Lamentation (Noha) and Ritual Mourning (Matam)

• Origins of Noha:
  Lamentation began with the cries of Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Sayyida Zainab’s (AS) addresses. Khwarizmi’s account of Hind’s protest in Maqtal al-Hussain is an early example. Nafas al-Rahman (Ibn Tawus, d. 664 AH) describes Noha as a means to commemorate Karbala’s martyrs.
• Development of Matam:
  Ritual mourning, such as chest-beating and chain flagellation, became prominent in the Safavid era. Rawdat al-Shuhada (Mulla Husayn Wa’iz Kashifi, d. 910 AH) mentions chest-beating as a physical expression of grief. In the modern era, Matam varies by region—chest-beating in Iran and chain flagellation in Pakistan and India. Tazkira al-Matam (Maulana Muhammad Husayn, 20th century) describes Matam as an emotional protest against oppression.
• Contemporary Context:
  Today, Noha and Matam are highly organized. The Arbaeen pilgrimage in Iraq sees millions participating in lamentation and Matam. According to Arbaeen: Global Pilgrims (University of Karbala, 2023), over 20 million pilgrims joined the Arbaeen procession in 2022, reflecting its global scale.

3. Elegy (Marsiya) Composition

• Early Marsiya:
  Arabic poetry, such as the elegies of Kumayt ibn Zaid Asadi (d. 126 AH) in Diwan Kumayt, marks the beginning of Marsiya. These poems mourned Imam Hussain’s (AS) martyrdom.
• Urdu Marsiya:
  In India, Marsiya reached its zenith in the 18th-19th centuries. Diwan Mir Anees (d. 1874 CE) and Diwan Mirza Dabir (d. 1875 CE) are masterpieces. Mir Anees’ verses, such as:

  “When Zainab found relief from the ordeal of affliction, / She called out to her brother, ‘O Brother!’”
  (Diwan Anees, p. 45)
  capture Karbala’s tragedy with poetic depth.

• Modern Marsiya:
  Contemporary Marsiya incorporates themes of social justice and human rights. Modern Urdu Marsiya (Dr. Hilal Naqvi, 2020) notes that Marsiya now addresses global struggles against oppression, moving beyond traditional mourning.

4. Contemporary Context and Analytical Observations

• Political and Social Role:
  Mourning has become a global movement symbolizing resistance. Shia Mourning: Political and Social Impacts (John L. Esposito, 2015) highlights its role in Iran’s Islamic Revolution (1979) and Hezbollah’s movement in Lebanon.
• Digital Mourning:
  Technology has transformed mourning practices. Platforms like Al-Kafeel Network (2024) broadcast Noha and Marsiya globally, reaching millions.
• Critical Reflection:
  In Fayyaz’s style, mourning must transcend ritualism. The first assembly in Yazid’s palace was a protest against tyranny, and modern mourning should retain this spirit. Non-credible narratives, like Sayyida Ruqayya’s (AS) death, dilute historical authenticity and should be avoided.

---

Conclusions

1. Historical Continuity: From Yazid’s palace to today, mourning has evolved into a global movement preserving the message of Ahl al-Bayt.
2. Noha and Matam: These practices sustain the emotional and physical commemoration of Karbala, formalized since the Safavid era.
3. Marsiya Composition: From Arabic to Urdu, Marsiya has propagated Karbala’s message poetically, with modern themes of justice.
4. Contemporary Relevance: Mourning remains a platform for resisting oppression, amplified by digital media, but must be grounded in historical authenticity.
5. Non-Credible Narratives: Stories like Sayyida Ruqayya’s (AS) death, lacking early attestation, should be critically excluded.

---

References

1. Abu Hanifa Dinawari, Akhbar al-Tiwal, Qom: Manshurat al-Sharif al-Razi, 1373 SH.
2. Muwaffaq ibn Ahmad Khwarizmi, Maqtal al-Hussain, Qom: Anwar al-Huda, 1381 SH.
3. Muhammad ibn Jarir Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath, 1387 AH.
4. Sheikh Mufid, Al-Irshad, Qom: Congress of Sheikh Mufid, 1413 AH.
5. Mohammad Hadi Yusufi Gharavi, The First Documented Account of the Ashura Uprising, Trans. Jawad Soleimani, Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, 1380 SH.
6. Khatib Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1417 AH.
7. Iskandar Beg Munshi, Alam Ara-ye Abbasi, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications, 1382 SH.
8. Mulla Husayn Wa’iz Kashifi, Rawdat al-Shuhada, Qom: Nawid Islam, 1380 SH.
9. Mir Anees, Diwan Anees, Lucknow: Nawal Kishore, 1875 CE.
10. Dr. Hilal Naqvi, Modern Urdu Marsiya, Karachi: Pakistan Publishing House, 2020.
11. John L. Esposito, Shia Mourning: Political and Social Impacts, Oxford University Press, 2015.

Financial Fraud in Gilgit-Baltistan: An Investigative Article

Financial Fraud, Ponzi Schemes, and High-Return Businesses in Pakistan: An In-Depth Analysis with Focus on Big Board, Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti, and WhaleIntl Digital Currency Scandal

Introduction

Financial fraud, particularly Ponzi schemes, has become a pervasive issue in Pakistan, exploiting vulnerable communities with promises of high returns in short periods. Schemes like the "Big Board" in Gilgit-Baltistan, Allama Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti’s alleged Ponzi scheme, the WhaleIntl digital currency scandal in Hunza and Shigar, Double Shah, and B4U have caused significant financial losses. These schemes often target low-financial-literacy groups, leveraging social media, local networks, and religious or cultural identities. Additionally, businesses promising high returns in a short time, whether legitimate or fraudulent, contribute to the risk of deception. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of these frauds, focusing on the Big Board scheme, Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti’s scam, and the WhaleIntl digital currency scandal in Hunza and Shigar. It also explores legitimate and illegitimate high-return businesses, their societal impacts, and preventive measures.

---

Major International Financial Fraud Scandals

🇺🇸 Enron Scandal (USA)

• Type: Accounting fraud

• What happened: Enron used off-balance-sheet entities to hide debt and inflate profits.

• Impact: Bankruptcy in 2001, loss of billions, and the dissolution of Arthur Andersen accounting firm.

🇬🇧 Barings Bank Collapse (UK)

• Type: Rogue trading

• What happened: Trader Nick Leeson made unauthorized trades, hiding losses in a secret account.

• Impact: £800 million loss led to the bank’s collapse in 1995.

🇺🇸 Bernard Madoff Ponzi Scheme (USA)

• Type: Ponzi scheme

• What happened: Madoff defrauded investors of over $65 billion by paying returns from new investors’ money.

• Impact: Largest Ponzi scheme in history; Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison.

🇩🇪 Wirecard Scandal (Germany)

• Type: Accounting fraud

• What happened: Wirecard falsely reported €1.9 billion in cash balances.

• Impact: Collapse of the fintech giant in 2020, triggering regulatory reforms.

🇮🇹 Parmalat Scandal (Italy)

• Type: Accounting fraud

• What happened: Dairy company Parmalat falsified financial statements to hide debt.

• Impact: €14 billion fraud led to bankruptcy and criminal convictions.

🇿🇦 Steinhoff International (South Africa)

• Type: Accounting irregularities

• What happened: Inflated profits and assets through fraudulent accounting.

• Impact: Billions lost in shareholder value; ongoing investigations.

🌐 Broader Trends and Insights

• Countries with high fraud rates: Nigeria, South Africa, India, Brazil, and Russia are frequently cited due to weak enforcement and digital vulnerabilities.

• Common types: Investment scams, identity theft, cyber fraud, and government corruption.

• Global impact: Fraud undermines trust in financial systems and costs the global economy hundreds of billions annually.

Definition and Types of Financial Fraud

Financial fraud involves deceptive practices to misappropriate funds. Key types include:

1. Ponzi Scheme:

   • Definition: Returns are paid to earlier investors using funds from new investors, with no real business activity.

   • Characteristics: Unrealistic returns, lack of transparency, reliance on new investors.

   • Examples: Big Board, Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti, Double Shah, WhaleIntl.

2. Pyramid Scheme:

   • Definition: Profits come from recruiting others, not from products or services.

   • Characteristics: Network marketing, fake products, top-tier benefits.

   • Examples: QNet, Herbalife (in some cases).

3. Mudarabah Fraud:

   • Definition: Misuse of Islamic "mudarabah" principles to collect funds.

   • Characteristics: Religious exploitation, fake business plans, guaranteed profits.

   • Examples: Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti, Elegexer Group.

4. Cryptocurrency Fraud:

   • Definition: Fake cryptocurrencies or ICOs are used to collect funds.

   • Characteristics: Promises of rapid crypto profits, lack of regulation.

   • Examples: WhaleIntl, B4U, OneCoin.

5. Advance Fee Fraud:

   • Definition: Funds collected as fees with no delivery of promised services.

   • Examples: Nigeria’s 419 Fraud.

6. Identity Theft:

   • Definition: Stealing personal information for financial gain.

   • Examples: Phishing emails, fake SMS.

7. Investment Fraud:

   • Definition: Fake investment opportunities (stocks, real estate).

   • Examples: Bernie Madoff, Shah of Iran.

---

High-Return Businesses in a Short Time

Businesses promising high returns in a short time are categorized as legitimate (requiring effort, skills, and legal frameworks) or illegitimate (often Ponzi or pyramid schemes).

Legitimate High-Return Businesses

These are legally and Islamically permissible but require expertise and market understanding:

1. E-commerce Dropshipping:

   • How It Works: Sell products online without inventory; suppliers ship directly to customers.

   • Profits: Start with PKR 30,000–50,000, yielding 20–50% margins.

   • Risks: Reliable suppliers, marketing skills, and competition.

   • Example: Shopify or Amazon stores.

2. Car Wash Service:

   • How It Works: Operate in high-traffic areas, offering interior/exterior cleaning.

   • Profits: PKR 50,000–100,000 investment yields PKR 30,000–50,000 monthly.

   • Risks: Location, service quality, and staff management.

   • Example: Mobile car wash in Gilgit or Skardu.

3. Online Course Creation:

   • How It Works: Create skill-based courses (e.g., graphic design, programming) for platforms like Udemy.

   • Profits: A PKR 20,000–50,000 investment can yield millions.

   • Risks: Content quality, marketing, competition.

   • Example: Digital marketing courses.

4. Affiliate Marketing:

   • How It Works: Promote products via social media or blogs, earning commissions.

   • Profits: Low investment yields thousands monthly.

   • Risks: Audience reach, marketing skills, and time.

   • Example: Amazon affiliate programs.

5. Small-Scale Trading:

   • How It Works: Buy low-cost goods (clothes, electronics) locally and sell online/locally.

   • Profits: PKR 30,000–50,000 yields 20–40% profit.

   • Risks: Market trends, quality, competition.

   • Example: Selling Hunza gemstones online.

Islamic Guidelines:

• Businesses must be halal, with profit-sharing based on mutual consent (e.g., 60/40).

• Active partners can earn beyond their capital share; passive partners’ profits are capped at their capital.

• Exploiting market conditions or buyer necessity is impermissible.

Illegitimate High-Return Businesses

These are often fraudulent and prohibited:

1. Ponzi Schemes:

   • Promise: Double investment in 4–7 months (e.g., Big Board, WhaleIntl).

   • Method: Pay old investors with new funds.

   • Risks: Collapse, total loss.

   • Examples: Big Board, Sheikh Aijaz, WhaleIntl.

2. Pyramid Schemes:

   • Promise: Profits from recruitment.

   • Method: Network marketing, fake products.

   • Risks: Loss for lower-tier members, illegal.

   • Example: QNet.

3. Fake Cryptocurrency Investments:

   • Promise: Rapid crypto profits.

   • Method: Fake ICOs or exchanges.

   • Risks: Total loss, legal action.

   • Example: WhaleIntl, OneCoin.

4. Mudarabah Fraud:

   • Promise: Quick Islamic investment returns.

   • Method: Religious exploitation, fake businesses.

   • Risks: Loss, erosion of trust.

   • Example: Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti.

Islamic Guidelines:

• Fixed profit guarantees (e.g., 2–2.5% monthly) are riba (usury) and haram.

• Fixed profit percentages are permissible; fixed amounts on capital are not.

---

Prominent Ponzi Schemes and Financial Frauds

Below is a list of notable Ponzi schemes, including the WhaleIntl digital currency scandal, promising quick doubling of investments:

1. Big Board Scheme (Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan):

   • Promise: High returns in an unspecified period.

   • Target: Rural communities in Gilgit, Skardu, and Hunza with low financial literacy.

   • Method: Local agents, social media (WhatsApp, Facebook), no transparency.

   • Loss: Thousands lost savings; the exact scale is unclear.

   • Government Response: No reported action.

2. Allama Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti Scheme (Pakistan):

   • Promise: Double investment in 4 months, “sharia-compliant mudarabah.”

   • Target: Rural, religious communities.

   • Method: Religious exploitation, social media, alleged oil smuggling/stock exchange profits (unverified), rumored military ties.

   • Loss: Thousands affected, payments delayed.

   • Government Response: No action reported.

3. WhaleIntl Digital Currency Scandal (Hunza and Shigar, Gilgit-Baltistan):

   • Promise: Rapid profits through digital currency investments.

   • Target: Residents of Hunza and Shigar, leveraging the region’s growing interest in digital platforms.

   • Method: Promoted as a cryptocurrency investment opportunity, likely using fake ICOs or unregulated platforms. Social media campaigns and local influencers may have been involved, exploiting the region’s limited financial oversight.

   • Loss: Significant financial losses for local investors; exact figures unavailable due to lack of public reporting.

   • Government Response: No specific actions reported, possibly due to the scheme’s localized nature and weak regulatory presence in Gilgit-Baltistan.

4. Double Shah Scheme (Pakistan):

   • Promise: Double investment in 6 months, stock exchange/real estate.

   • Target: Rural communities (Gujranwala, Sialkot).

   • Method: Local agents, fake investments.

   • Loss: PKR 80 billion, 2 million affected.

   • Government Response: Arrest in 2007, 14-year imprisonment, partial recovery.

5. B4U Scheme (Pakistan):

   • Promise: 10–15% monthly returns, crypto/forex.

   • Target: Urban middle class.

   • Method: Social media, fake success stories.

   • Loss: Over PKR 1 trillion, 400,000+ affected.

   • Government Response: Arrest in 2020, limited recovery.

6. Bernie Madoff Scheme (USA):

   • Promise: 10–12% annual returns, stock exchange.

   • Target: Wealthy individuals, institutions.

   • Method: Fake financial reports.

   • Loss: $65 billion, thousands affected.

   • Government Response: Arrest in 2008, 150-year imprisonment.

7. India’s Double Shah:

   • Promise: Double investment in 7 months, real estate.

   • Target: Rural communities.

   • Method: Local agents, social media.

   • Loss: INR 4 billion, thousands affected.

   • Government Response: Investigations, suspect absconded.

8. OneCoin (Global):

   • Promise: Rapid crypto profits.

   • Target: Global investors.

   • Method: Fake cryptocurrency, network marketing.

   • Loss: $4 billion, millions affected.

   • Government Response: Actions in multiple countries, main suspect fugitive.

---

Big Board Scheme: Gilgit-Baltistan Context

The Big Board Scheme was a localized Ponzi scheme in Gilgit-Baltistan:

• Promise: High returns in an unspecified period.

• Target: Rural communities in Gilgit, Skardu, and Hunza with low financial literacy.

• Method: Promoted through local agents and social media, lacking transparency.

• Loss: Thousands lost savings; scale unclear due to limited data.

• Social Impact: Financial crises, distrust in local agents, psychological stress.

• Government Response: No reported action, likely due to the scheme’s small scale and regional isolation.

Contributing Factors:

• Economic Fragility: Limited income sources (tourism, agriculture, gemstones) push people toward quick-wealth schemes.

• Low Financial Literacy: Despite a 97% literacy rate in Hunza, financial education is scarce.

• Cultural Diversity: Potential exploitation of Shia, Ismaili, Sunni, and Noorbakhshia identities.

• Social Media: WhatsApp and Facebook enabled rapid promotion.

---

Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti Scheme

The Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti Scheme combined Ponzi and mudarabah fraud:

• Promise: Double investment in 4 months.

• Target: Rural, religious communities.

• Method: Religious labeling, social media, alleged oil smuggling/stock exchange profits (unverified), rumored military ties.

• Loss: Thousands affected, payments delayed.

• Social Impact: Eroded religious trust, social tensions.

• Government Response: No action reported.

Unique Aspects:

• Rumored military ties (unverified) added sensitivity.

• Alleged oil smuggling claims (unverified) set it apart.

---

WhaleIntl Digital Currency Scandal: Hunza and Shigar

The WhaleIntl Digital Currency Scandal targeted residents of Hunza and Shigar, capitalizing on the global cryptocurrency hype:

• Promise: High returns through digital currency investments.

• Target: Communities in Hunza and Shigar, where internet access and interest in digital platforms are growing.

• Method: Promoted as a legitimate crypto opportunity, likely involving fake ICOs or unregulated platforms. Social media campaigns and local influencers may have spread the scheme, exploiting weak financial oversight.

• Loss: Significant losses for local investors; exact figures unavailable due to limited reporting.

• Social Impact: Financial devastation, increased distrust in digital investments, and psychological stress in tight-knit communities.

• Government Response: No specific actions reported, reflecting weak regulatory enforcement in Gilgit-Baltistan.

Contributing Factors:

• Digital Adoption: Growing internet access in Hunza and Shigar made residents vulnerable to crypto scams.

• Lack of Regulation: Gilgit-Baltistan’s weak financial oversight allowed unregulated schemes to thrive.

• Social Media: Platforms like WhatsApp amplified the scam’s reach.

---

Comparison Table

Scheme/Business	Promise	Target	Method	Loss/Risks	Government Response
Big Board	High returns	Rural Gilgit-Baltistan	Local agents, social media	Thousands lost	No action
Sheikh Aijaz	Double in 4 months	Rural, religious	Religious label, social media	Thousands affected	No action
WhaleIntl	Crypto profits	Hunza, Shigar	Fake crypto, social media	Significant losses	No action
Double Shah	Double in 6 months	Rural communities	Local agents	PKR 80 billion	Arrest, 14 years
B4U	10–15% monthly	Urban middle class	Crypto, social media	PKR 1 trillion+	Arrest, limited recovery
Bernie Madoff	10–12% annually	Wealthy, institutions	Fake reports	$65 billion	Arrest, 150 years
India’s Double Shah	Double in 7 months	Rural communities	Local agents	INR 4 billion	Investigations, suspect absconded
OneCoin	Crypto profits	Global	Fake crypto	$4 billion	Actions, suspect fugitive
E-commerce Dropshipping	20–50% profit	Online consumers	Online store	Competition	Legal
Car Wash	PKR 30–50K monthly	Local consumers	Service center	Location, quality	Legal

---

Impacts on Pakistani Society

1. Financial Loss: Big Board, Sheikh Aijaz, and WhaleIntl caused significant losses, exacerbating economic hardship.

2. Distrust: Eroded trust in financial systems, religious figures, and digital platforms.

3. Psychological Effects: Stress, depression, and social stigma in affected communities.

4. Social Tensions: Rumors (e.g., Sheikh Aijaz’s military ties) fueled distrust in institutions.

Gilgit-Baltistan Impacts:

• Economic Vulnerability: Limited income sources amplify the impact of fraud.

• Community Distrust: Loss of trust in local agents and digital platforms (WhaleIntl).

• Isolation: Geographic and administrative challenges hinder investigations.

---

Preventive Measures

1. Financial Education: Launch literacy programs in Gilgit-Baltistan, leveraging institutions like Aga Khan Education Services.

2. Regulatory Oversight: Strengthen NAB and SECP monitoring of social media and crypto platforms.

3. Prevent Religious Exploitation: Ban religious figures from financial schemes.

4. Legal Action: Swift penalties, as in Double Shah’s case.

5. Public Awareness: Use Radio Pakistan Gilgit and social media for fraud awareness campaigns.

---

Conclusion

Ponzi schemes like Big Board, Sheikh Aijaz Beheshti, and WhaleIntl exploit Pakistan’s low financial literacy, religious sentiments, and unregulated digital spaces. Big Board and Whale Intl devastated Gilgit-Baltistan’s vulnerable communities, while Sheikh Aijaz’s scheme undermined religious trust. Legitimate high-return businesses (e.g., e-commerce, car wash) offer viable opportunities, but fraudulent schemes lead to ruin. Financial education, robust regulation, and public awareness are critical to protect regions like Hunza and Shigar. Share additional information for deeper analysis.

References:

• Ponzi Scheme - Wikipedia (Urdu and English)

• Gilgit-Baltistan: Women’s Silent Revolution - Independent Urdu

• Investment in Business - Mohaddis Forum

• India’s Double Shah - BBC

• Islamic Profit Limits - Banuri.edu.pk

• CoinDesk: Crypto News - CoinDesk

• US Sanctions on Virtual Currency Scams - State.gov