Allama Hassan Turabi: A Beacon of Resistance Politics and Martyrdom

 

Allama Hassan Turabi: A Beacon of Resistance Politics and Martyrdom

In Pakistan’s religious and political history, Allama Hassan Turabi stands out as a figure who, through his intellectual depth, ideological steadfastness, and practical struggle, not only played a monumental role in his era but also set a shining example for future generations. He raised his voice against oppression, dictatorship, and sectarianism, ultimately sacrificing his life to immortalize the truth of his ideals. This article sheds light on Allama Hassan Turabi’s life, struggles, and legacy, incorporating historical, political, and social contexts, supported by credible references.

Early Life and Educational Journey

Allama Hassan Turabi was born on March 15, 1952, in the village of Chumakpa, Shigar District, Gilgit-Baltistan, into a scholarly and religious family. Shigar is renowned for its spiritual and intellectual traditions, and the Turabi family was an integral part of this legacy. His father, Maulana Muhammad Musa, a prominent religious scholar, placed special emphasis on his son’s religious and worldly education. After receiving his early education in his village, Allama Turabi moved to Karachi, where he further honed his abilities.

In Karachi, he pursued religious education at Jamia Imamia, where he gained proficiency in Fiqh-e-Jafaria, Hadith, Tafsir, and other Islamic sciences. Alongside this, he continued his secular education and joined Habib Public School as a teacher. His teaching style was not only engaging and well-reasoned but also reflected his intellectual depth and ability to connect with students, making him exceptionally popular among both students and colleagues. His speeches consistently carried messages of unity, justice, and resistance against oppression.

Zia Era: Pressure and the Dawn of Resistance

Following the imposition of martial law by General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977, severe restrictions were placed on religious and political freedoms in Pakistan. The Shia community, in particular, faced significant challenges in practicing their beliefs. Laws imposed under the guise of “Islamization,” such as the Zakat Ordinance, were incompatible with the Shia school of thought, as their system of Zakat differed from the principles of Fiqh-e-Jafaria. During this period, Allama Hassan Turabi’s intellectual freedom and outspokenness began to unsettle the ruling establishment. His speeches, marked by a clear tone of resistance against oppression and injustice, led to his dismissal from Habib Public School under pressure.

This event proved to be a turning point in his life. Rather than succumbing to pressure, Allama Turabi embraced it as the starting point of his resistance politics. He joined the Tehreek-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria (TNFJ) and actively worked to protect the rights of the Shia community, quickly emerging as a prominent leader due to his bold voice.

From Tehreek-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria to Islami Tehreek

The effects of the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran reached Pakistan, inspiring the Shia community to organize for the protection of their rights. In this context, the Tehreek-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria (TNFJ) was established on April 12, 1979, in Bhakkar, with the aim of safeguarding religious freedom and rights in accordance with Shia jurisprudence. Allama Hassan Turabi played a pivotal role in this movement and, due to his intellectual capabilities, public outreach, and insight, was soon elected president of the Sindh chapter of the movement.

Over time, the TNFJ expanded its scope and became known as Tehreek-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP). In the 1990s, it evolved into a broader political and religious platform called Islami Tehreek Pakistan. Allama Turabi remained actively involved throughout this evolution, serving as a key pillar of leadership. Through his speeches and writings, he helped transform the Shia community into an organized political force. As part of the movement’s information wing, he effectively communicated its stance to national and international media, raising public awareness.

 Struggle Against Sectarianism and Promotion of Muslim Unity

Allama Hassan Turabi’s most significant contribution was his struggle against sectarianism and his efforts to promote unity among Muslims. He believed that Pakistan’s progress and stability depended on the unity of all schools of thought on a single platform. He participated in numerous interfaith conferences, peace seminars, and joint forums, collaborating with Shia and Sunni scholars to promote sectarian harmony.

His speeches consistently emphasized resistance against oppression, unity, and Islamic brotherhood. He often stated that sectarianism was a poison for Pakistan’s national unity. He played a role in the establishment of platforms like the Milli Yakjehti Council and Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal, which aimed to foster unity among different sects. These efforts marked a significant milestone in Pakistan’s political and religious landscape.

 Assassination Attempts and Abduction

Allama Hassan Turabi’s bold voice and widespread popularity made him a target for extremist groups. His life was marked by multiple assassination attempts, from which he miraculously escaped. In 2003, he was abducted in Karachi due to his political activities and outspoken stance against sectarianism. Public pressure and efforts by law enforcement agencies led to his release after a few days. These incidents highlighted the dangers he faced, yet his commitment to speaking the truth never wavered.

He often said in his speeches, “Sacrificing one’s life for the truth is a part of our faith.” These words reflected his resolve and steadfastness, further solidifying his status as a revered leader among the masses.

Martyrdom: A Supreme Sacrifice

On July 14, 2006, in Karachi’s Abbas Town, Allama Hassan Turabi was addressing the media outside his home when a suicide bomber detonated himself. The attack martyred Allama Turabi, along with his nephew and others. This attack was a direct consequence of his resistance politics and struggle against sectarianism. His martyrdom sent shockwaves not only across Pakistan but also within Shia and Sunni communities worldwide. Thousands attended his funeral, a testament to his widespread popularity.

The incident was widely covered in Pakistani media, with outlets like *Daily Jang* and others condemning the attack and paying Åpaying tribute to Allama Turabi’s contributions. The attack was described as a great tragedy, and his legacy was honored across various platforms.

Allama Turabi’s Legacy

Allama Hassan Turabi’s life teaches us that the path of truth and justice is fraught with challenges and dangers, but sincerity and steadfastness can immortalize a person. He was not only a champion of Shia rights but also sacrificed his life for Pakistan’s national unity and religious harmony. His message remains a guiding light for Pakistan’s political and religious landscape.

Through his struggle, he proved that combating sectarianism, prejudice, and oppression is not the responsibility of an individual but the duty of an entire nation. Today, as Pakistan seeks religious harmony, unity, and sincerity, Allama Hassan Turabi’s legacy stands as a guiding principle. His ideals and sacrifice remain a valuable asset for the people of Pakistan, serving as an inspiration for those who wish to stand firm in their principles.

 Conclusion

Allama Hassan Turabi’s life and martyrdom are a luminous chapter in Pakistan’s history. Through his intellectual, political, and practical struggles, he proved that the voice of truth cannot be silenced by any force. His legacy continues to teach the people of Pakistan the importance of resisting oppression and fostering unity. His life is a profound example for anyone striving for truth and justice.

References:

1. Tehreek-e-Jafaria Pakistan, Performance Report, 1992–1994, pp. 22–25.

2. Hussain Abadi, Muhammad Yusuf, *History of Baltistan*, Skardu, 2003, p. 312.

3. *Daily Jang*, Lahore, July 10, 1983, “Tehreek-e-Jafaria Pakistan: The Political Journey,” pp. 10–11.

4. Tasleem Raza Khan, *Safir-e-Inqilab*, p. 144.

5. Tasleem Raza Khan, *Safir-e-Noor*, pp. 196–206.

6. Pakistani media reports, July 14, 2006, regarding the suicide attack.

7. Archives of Allama Hassan Turabi’s speeches and interviews, Tehreek-e-Jafaria Pakistan records.

8. Local historical sources from Gilgit-Baltistan, regarding scholarly families of Shigar.

9. Jamia Imamia Karachi records, concerning Allama Hassan Turabi’s educational activities.

10. *Daily Dawn*, Karachi, July 15, 2006, report on Allama Hassan Turabi’s martyrdom.